1. ________ is measured as the percentage of the people in a country or in the world living in urban areas.
2. Urban areas can grow in all of the following ways except
3. Urban populations are generally
4. Urban growth tends to occur more slowly in ________ countries.
5. In the United States, many environmental problems have
6. Urban sprawl typically occurs ________ a city or town.
7. Which of the following factors is an environmental advantage to urbanization?
8. Most cities have huge ecological footprints as shown by their
9. Pollution from cities rarely affects surrounding regions.
10. When it comes to weather, cities are generally ________ than surrounding areas.
11. Areas dominated by tenements and rooming houses where several people might live in a single room are known as
12. Cheap and available land around cities results in
13. The largest source of outdoor air pollution is
14. In most developing countries, cars tend to benefit
15. Bicycles offer all of the following advantages for transportation except that when compared to cars they
16. Rapid-rail transit systems are most effective for
17. Currently, most land-use planning practices encourage
18. Smart growth promotes all of the following ideas except
19. A cluster development provides which of the following?
20. The ultimate goal of any green movement is to
21. Which of the following resources is used to produce goods and services as part of an economic system?
22. The point where the supplier's price matches what buyers are willing to pay for some quantity of a good or service is known as the
23. Which of the following events often occurs in today's capitalist market system without government interference?
24. Environmental economists argue that markets typically undervalue
25. The basic assumption of neoclassical economics is that there is no limit to ________ growth.
26. According to neoclassical economists, ecological services have no economic value.
27. All of the following scenarios are examples of mitigation costs except for the
28. According to some critics, an extremely high discount rate will ________ exploitation of natural resources.
29. As a resource such as coal is removed from a mine, the costs for continuing to remove the remaining resource tend to
30. Weighing the pros and cons of a decision, and its impact on all parties, is accomplished with a(n)
31. Excluding indirect costs from a product or service can have all of the following impacts except
32. A method for measuring and comparing the economic outputs of nations without considering environmental or social impacts is the
33. Full-cost pricing is not used more widely for all of the following reasons except
34. Which of the following government practices would not encourage full-cost pricing by producers?
35. To be successful, a tax shift to cover the harmful environmental and health costs of products and services would require which of the following?
36. Regulation is used for which of the following environmental issues?
37. Innovative-friendly regulations are demonstrated by all of the following ideals except for
38. A service-flow economy is one where
39. For many countries, budgets tend to emphasize
40. Which of the following principles does not describe a low-throughput economy?
41. Free enterprise can result in which of the following outcomes?
42. The role of government in economic issues include all of the following examples except
43. The process by which individuals and groups try to influence or control the policies and actions of governments at local, state, national, and international levels is known as
44. There are three branches of government in the United States; these are
45. Which of the following principles is not a suggested guideline for making environmental policies?
46. Using public pressure, personal contacts, and political action to persuade legislators to vote or act in your favor is known as
47. Public lands in the United States ultimately belong to
48. The country that has set aside the most public lands for its citizens is
49. Laws developed and passed by legislative bodies such as federal and state governments are ________ laws.
50. Legal disputes between one party and another are typically settled with
51. Environmental lawsuits against polluters are typically decided in favor of the plaintiff.
52. Arbitrations can be characterized by all of the following points except they
53. Which of the following points does not apply to an environmental impact statement for a federal project?
54. In recent years, attempts to ________ environmental laws have been occurring.
55. Regulating pollution has become more difficult as environmental problems have become more
56. Many major green laws were enacted during the environmental decade of the
57. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), such as the Sierra Club, have all of the following characteristics except they
58. On many campuses across the country, environmental awareness and sustainability practices are often being initiated by the
59. Governments often overlook the importance of ________ security.
60. Which of the following tenets is not an example of green planning by governments?
Brendan Swanson