Exam Review 3

mantle, crust, outer core, inner core

crust , outer core , inner core, mantle

inner core, outer core, crust, mantle

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

continental crust

oceanic crust

they are the same in age

only oceanic crust

only continental crust

both continental and oceanic crust plus the upper mantle

only one kind of crust and the asthenosphere

crust, upper mantle and asthenosphere

continental plate subducts under oceanic plate

continental plate subducts under continental plate

oceanic plate subducts under oceanic crust

oceanic crust subducts under continental crust

either c or d

volcanoes

earthquakes

mid-ocean ridges

folded mountain chains

very old rock

igneous

metamorphic

sedimentary

fossil fuel

strategic

reserve

non-fuel

metamorphic

troposphere mesosphere stratosphere thermosphere

troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere

stratosphere thermosphere troposphere mesosphere

troposphere mesosphere stratosphere thermosphere

stratosphere thermosphere mesosphere troposphere

troposphere

thermosphere

mesosphere

stratosphere

warm air rises, cools and condenses into rainclouds

cold air sinks, bringing rain with it

warm air is trapped under cold air, forming clouds

rising cold air hits sinking cold air, resulting in high precipitation

a high pressure system causes water vapor to condense into water droplets

at high pressure areas formed by sinking air

at low pressure areas formed by rising air

at high pressure areas formed by rising air

at low pressure areas formed by sinking air

0°

30° N or S

60° N or S

less rain in Indonesia

more rain in South America

stronger equatorial winds blowing currents Westward

less upwelling of nutrient-rich water off the coast of S.A.

higher sea levels along the Western coasts of North and South America

CFCs

carbon dioxide

methane

nitrous oxide

SO₂

higher sea level

stronger storms

droughts

decreased rate of photosynthesis

migration of species towards the poles

cause: rotation of the earth; effect: deflection of winds into gyres

cause: changes in the Earth’s orbit; effect: climate fluctuations

cause: tilt of the earth’s axis; effect: change of seasons

cause: change in distance to sun; effect: change of seasons

cause: presence of mountains; effect: location of deserts on leeward side of mountains

NO₂

particulates

PAN

VOC

ozone

PAN

O₃

freon

SO₂

radon

bronchitis

cataracts

emphysema

asthma

fibrosis

H₂SO₄

HNO₃

HCl

Northeast

Southwest

Northwest

Southeast

central

spruce trees lose needles

damage to limestone and marble buildings

heavy metals leached out of the soil

pH of mountain lakes increase dramatically

many fish eggs dies

particulates

CO

SO₂

limestone

hydrocarbons

there is a large lake between the two sides

trade winds blow from East to West across the mountain

the west side is at a different latitude from the east side

the Mountain is subjected to a strong Coriolis effect

the mountain creates a high pressure system on the east side

recharge is slower than water withdrawal

water table wells are becoming artesian wells

the water table is rising

the rate of infiltration is faster than in the past

agriculture

industry

domestic use

saltwater intrusion

land subsidence

sinkholes

cone of depression

siltation

increase of BOD and increase of DO

decrease of BOD and increase of DO

decrease of BOD and decrease of DO

increase of BOD and decrease of DO

red tide

El Niño

oligotrophic

Minamata disease

turbidity

DO would increase

DO would decrease

human and animal wastes in water

pesticides

air pollution

second-hand smoke

radioactive wastes

lead

cadmium

nitrates

phosphates

all of the above

to remove all plant nutrients

to allow anaerobic microorganisms to decompose sludge

to allow aerobic microorganisms to decompose organic matter

to remove all heavy metals

to physically remove grit

animal manure

dead algae

dead fish

human sewage

mercury