Exam Review 2

35 questions

1. Minerals are an example of a (an)

exhaustible resource

renewable resource

human resource

intangible resource

2. Making manufacturers take into account the cost of dealing with their waste products is an example of

internalizing costs

externalizing costs

cost/benefit analysis

3. Which of the following would not be a goal of sustainable development?

a demographic transition to a stable world population of low birth and death rates

an increasing reliance upon renewable energy

a resource transition to reliance on nature’s “income” without depleting its “capital”

a transition to more efficient use of energy and resources

an attempt to simplify ecosystems

4. What is the relationship between supply and demand?

supply increases, demand increases

supply increases, demand decreases

supply decreases, demand decreases

supply decreases, demand increases

both b and d

both a and c

5. Which of the following is not a market-based incentive?

pollution fines

SO₂ gas emissions trading

“gas-guzzler” tax on cars

government subsides for water

6. What organism of an aquatic food chain is most likely to have the highest level of a toxin sprayed upon the water?

phytoplankton

humans

small fish

large fish

zooplankton

7. What does LD50 mean?

the dosage needed to kill half of a population

half of the dosage needed to kill an entire population

the lethal dosage for a population

8. If the lethal dose of parathion, an insecticide, is 1.5 mg/kg, how much would kill a 10 kg dog?

0.15 mg

1.5 mg

15 mg

150 mg

9. Which of the following characteristics of a risk would make the risk seem worse than it actually is to the public?

voluntary

equitably distributed

observable

new technology

low risk to future generation

10. Which of the following is perceived by the public as a greater risk than is actually is?

skiing

smoking

auto accidents

nuclear radiation

alcohol

11. What has happened to total world agricultural production over the last century?

it has increased

it has decreased

it has remained the same

12. Which of the following was not associated with the Green Revolution?

new breeds of high-yielding crops

greater use of fertilizers

use of machinery to carry out high-intensity farming

use of a greater variety of crops

increased food production

14. What is the relationship between soil formation and soil depletion at the present time?

soil is being formed slightly faster than it is being depleted

soil is being formed at the same rate than it is being depleted

soil is being formed slightly slower than it is being depleted

soil is being formed much slower than it is being depleted

15. Which is the smallest sized component of soil?

silt

clay

sand

16. Which soil component has the fastest infiltration rate?

silt

clay

sand

17. Which soil horizon contains the most organic material?

A (topsoil)

B (subsoil)

C (parent material)

19. Which of the following agricultural practices reduce the rate of soil erosion?

long row planting

herbicide applications

leaving a field bare all winter

mulching

using large harvesting machines

20. Which term includes the others

insecticide

pesticide

herbicide

fungicide

21. When did synthetic pesticides become widely used?

at the beginning of the 20th century

at the onset of the agricultural revolution

at the onset of the industrial revolution

during World War II

during the late 70s

22. Which statement is true?

almost all of a pesticide reaches its intended target

about 75% of a pesticide reaches its intended target

about 50% of a pesticide reaches its intended target

about 25 % of a pesticide reaches its intended target

about 10% of a pesticide reaches its intended target

23. Which of the following processes are responsible for the pesticide treadmill?

pests develop a resistance to pesticides

larger doses are eventually needed for the same result

new pesticides must continuously be developed

pesticides kill the predators or competitors of the pests

all of the above

24. Which of the following is not true about DDT?

it is a chlorinated hydrocarbon

it is a broad-spectrum pesticide

it has been banned world-wide

it is concentrated in the food chain

its residue can be found throughout the world

25. Who is more likely to use more pesticides than needed?

homeowners

farmers

26. Which of the following is not a part of integrated pest management (IPM)

abolishing all chemical pesticides

vacuuming bugs off crops

using biological controls such as ladybugs

using cultivation techniques that minimize the spread of pests

using pest-resistant crops

27. Which of the following is the most damaging?

decrease in abundance of a once-plentiful species

local extinction of a species

extinction of a keystone species

28. Which of the following has caused the greatest amount of species extinction

habitat destruction

over hunting/harvesting

pollution

competition by exotic species

29. How does the current rate of extinction compare to past rates of extinction

it is slightly greater than the normal rates of the past

it is much greater than any time in the past

it is greater than all but the most catastrophic extinction events of the past

it is not significantly different from normal rates of the past

30. What caused the ivory trade to collapse?

the CITES treaty

the U.S. Endangered Species Act

the decline of the Elephant population due to competition of alien species

the Montreal Protocol

the Koyoto Conference Treaty

31. Which of the following is an advantage of monoculture forests over mixed species forests?

high biodiversity

fewer opportunities for pest infestation

less need for fertilizers

more efficient lumber production

more ecological stability

32. Which method of harvesting lumber results in the most soil erosion?

clear-cutting

selective cutting

33. Which process is most responsible for soil degradation world-wide?

deforestation

agriculture

industry

overgrazing

34. What United States agency controls the most public land?

U.S. Forest Service

U.S. Park Service

Army Corps of Engineers

Bureau of Land Management (BLM)

35. What is the relationship between the size of an island and the biodiversity on the island?

no relationship, a large and a small island are likely to have about the same number of species

slight relationship, a large island is likely to have slightly more biodiversity

great, a large island will have considerably more biodiversity than a small island

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