Chapter 14

20 questions

1. The science devoted to the study of the earth's surface and its interior is

geography.

meteorology.

cartography.

geology.

2. Lithosphere is

the upper part of the mantel.

composed of hard, solid (as opposed to softer, fluid) rock.

the continental crust.

all of the choices

3. Geologists call the liquid, molten rock nearest the earth's center the

crust.

asthenosphere.

outer core.

lithosphere.

4. Regions of crust sometimes collide. These collision zones are called

transform faults.

divergent plate boundaries.

convergent plate boundaries.

tectonic plates.

5. A process that moves large pieces of rock would be

weathering.

erosion.

glaciation.

all of the choices

6. Liquid rock flowing from active volcanoes is called

ash.

lava.

fissure.

magma.

7. The worst volcanic disaster in U.S. history occurred at

Mount Washington in New Hampshire.

Mount Hood in Oregon.

Mount McKinley in Alaska.

Mount St. Helens in Washington State.

8. The specific point where an earthquake begins is called the

focus.

amplitude.

epicenter.

seismic wave.

9. An earthquake reading of 6.8 on the Richter scale is ________ times more powerful than a reading of 5.8.

1.0

100

0.1

10. Earthquakes that occur on the ocean floor

all of the choices

are called tsunamis.

may cause tsunamis.

are always deadly.

11. Sodium chloride (table salt) in a water solution will dry to form crystals that we then identify

all of the choices

sedimentary rock.

rock.

mineral.

12. The interaction of physical and chemical processes that change rocks from one type to another is called the

hydrologic cycle.

nitrogen cycle.

rock cycle.

carbon cycle.

13. Limestone would best be classified as a

metallic mineral.

renewable resource.

fossil fuel.

non-metallic mineral.

14. A good, yet relatively inexpensive, low temperature conductor of electricity is

copper.

molybdenum.

platinum.

carbon.

15. A major advantage of metallic minerals is that

they are recyclable.

they cause little environmental degradation.

they are always inexpensive to extract.

the earth is constantly making more of them.

16. Metal-mining waste material is called

gangue.

ore.

overburden.

ore mineral.

17. Mineral resources

are non-renewable.

are mostly concentrated in the U.S., Canada, Russia, South Africa, and Australia.

all of the choices

are distributed unevenly throughout the world.

18. Given that metallic minerals are limited resources, depletion time

never factors in new discoveries of the mineral.

is the time it takes to use up 80% of the reserves of a mineral at a given rate of use.

all of the choices

always factors in recycling and reuse.

19. New technology(ies) that can be used to extract metals from low-grade ore include:

solar furnaces that create higher temperatures for smelting the ore.

all of the choices

new chemicals that remove metals from ores more efficiently.

bacteria that can live in the ore, extracting/concentrating specific metals.

20. Styrofoam has been found to be a suitable substitute for

concrete when sprayed with ceramic as a building material.

steel and copper as pipe and conduit.

electrical insulation around electric wires.

steel and aluminum in auto bodies.

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